Radiation protection and ecosystem preservation are critical components of nuclear energy governance, ensuring human health and environmental sustainability amid expanding nuclear programs. This article provides a comparative analysis of international standards, primarily the International Atomic Energy Agency’s (IAEA) Basic Safety Standards (GSR Part 3), with national legislation in emerging nuclear states including the United Arab Emirates (UAE), Saudi Arabia, Egypt, Turkey, and Bangladesh. Drawing from authentic sources, the analysis highlights alignments in principles such as justification, optimization, and dose limitation, while noting variations in implementation maturity and environmental safeguards. Key findings underscore the role of IAEA milestones in shaping national frameworks, though challenges persist in regulatory capacity and regional cooperation for ecosystem protection. The discussion emphasizes the need for enhanced adherence to international norms to mitigate radiological impacts on biodiversity and environmental services.